拉伸/压缩

材料的基本特性对设计和性能评估至关重要

拉伸和压缩测试是 基础的两种测试材料特性的试验,同时也是 有用的试验。 This basic material property data is critical for component design and service performance assessment.  Typical analytical information derived from tension and compression testing includes the following: compressive strength, elastic limit, elongation, modulus of elasticity proportional limit, reduction in area, strain, yield point, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength.

典型测试应用和适用的开发领域包括:

  • 测定原材料的拉伸/压缩特性,并与规范中记录的材料规格对比;
  • 用于有限元件建模或其他产品设计的实验材料特性数据,从而确定所需的力学特征和服务占空比;
  • 通过再现预期服务环境预估组件的机械性能。

测试时样品需满足的重要条件

金属和塑料的标准拉伸和压缩测试应采用专门制备的测试样本。 These specimens can be machined cylindrical samples or flat plate samples (often called a dogbone), and have a specific ratio of length to width-diameter in the test area (gage) in order to comply with standard ASTM/ISO testing standards.  Cylindrical and tubular geometries,  fibers, and wires  are tested directly  using specially designed  fixtures with optimized  gripping and failure location.

常见的样本固定器是具有平的/平行端部的直圆柱体。也可采用其他形状,但通常需要特定的固定装置以避免发生屈曲等。组件测试或服务条件模拟测试取决于所使用的具体测试设备/配置。

Biological samples often require testing in their found condition although it is not uncommon to machine smaller samples from  specific areas (e.g. bone) of interest.  Small-scale testing often doesn’t conform to established standards and the test engineer is left to devise  the specimen geometry, gripping method and proper test equipment sizing  (i.e. low force)  to get optimized, repeatable results.

多种 TA ElectroForce ElectroForce 测试仪器均已用于有效地进行综合产品设计或研究计划中的拉伸和压缩测试。

适用于此类测试的仪器